Resection of the ethmoidal crest in sphenopalatine artery surgery.

BACKGROUND: In severe cases of epistaxis, in spite of several procedures described in the literature for its management, surgical treatment has been recognized by most authors as 1 of the most effective, especially when it includes ligation and/or electrocoagulation of the nasal branches of the sphenopalatine artery. The objective of this study is to determine the importance of ethmoid crest resection during sphenopalatine artery surgery, in the management of severe epistaxis. METHODS: We report a double-blinded randomized clinical trial, in which intervention was the ethmoid crest resection during electrocoagulation of the sphenopalatine artery. The study participants consisted of 42 patients with severe epistaxis and indication for surgical treatment, treated at the Otorhinolaryngology Emergency Room (ORL ER) of Hospital Sao Paulo, the teaching hospital of the Federal University of Sao Paulo. RESULTS: There was significant greater exposure of the arterial branch after removal of the ethmoidal crest (p = 0.009). The rate of bleeding within 48 hours of the procedure was significantly lower in the crest removal group. CONCLUSION: Resection of the ethmoid crest during sphenopalatine surgery proved to be feasible without additional risks, including promoting decrease in the overall surgical time. It provided better exposure of arterial branches of the sphenopalatine foramen, leading to a lower rebleeding rate within 48 hours.

Vestibular migraine: clinical and epidemiological aspects / Migrânea vestibular: aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Vestibular migraine (VM) is one of the most often common diagnoses in neurotology, but only recently has been recognized as a disease. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with VM. METHODS: This was a retrospective, observational, and descriptive study, with analysis of patients' records from an outpatient VM clinic. RESULTS: 94.1% of patients were females and 5.9% were males. The mean age was 46.1 years; 65.6% of patients had had headache for a longer period than dizziness. A correlation was detected between VM symptoms and the menstrual period. 61.53% of patients had auditory symptoms, with tinnitus the most common, although tonal audiometry was normal in 68.51%. Vectoelectronystagmography was normal in 67.34%, 10.20% had hyporeflexia, and 22.44% had vestibular hyperreflexia. Electrophysiological assessment showed no abnormalities in most patients. Fasting plasma glucose and glycemic curve were normal in most patients, while the insulin curve was abnormal in 75%. 82% of individuals with MV showed abnormalities on the metabolism of carbohydrates. CONCLUSION: VM affects predominantly middle-aged women, with migraine headache representing the first symptom, several years before vertigo. Physical, auditory, and vestibular evaluations are usually normal. The most frequent vestibular abnormality was hyperreflexia. Most individuals showed abnormality related to carbohydrate metabolism.

Resumo Introdução: Migrânea vestibular (MV) corresponde a um dos mais frequentes diagnósticos em otoneurologia, o que justifica a importância de seu estudo, embora tenha sido apenas recentemente reconhecida como entidade nosológica. Objetivo: Analisar os perfis clínico e epidemiológico dos pacientes atendidos em um ambulatório de migrânea vestibular. Método: Estudo retrospectivo, observacional e descritivo, com análise de prontuários dos pacientes do ambulatório de MV. Resultados: O ambulatório é composto por 94,1% de mulheres e 5,9% de homens, com média de idade 46,1 anos. O tempo de cefaleia foi superior ao de vertigem em 65,6% dos pacientes. Observou-se correlação entre os sintomas e o período menstrual. A maioria (61,53%) dos indivíduos apresentou algum sintoma auditivo, sendo o zumbido o mais frequente, embora a audiometria tenha sido normal em 68,51%. A vectoeletronistagmografia apresentou-se normal em 67,34%, enquanto 10,20% apresentaram hiporreflexia e 22,44% hiperreflexia vestibular. Exames eletrofisiológicos não mostraram alterações na maioria dos pacientes. Glicemia dejejum e curva glicêmica foram normais para a maioria dos pacientes, enquanto a curva insulinêmica mostrou-se alterada em 75% dos indivíduos. 82% dos indivíduos com MV apresentaram alguma alteração relativa ao metabolismo dos carboidratos. Conclusão: Migrânea vestibular acomete, predominantemente, mulheres de meia idade, com cefaleia migranosa e vertigem, sendo a primeira de instalação mais precoce. O exame físico no período intercrise, bem como as avaliações auditiva e vestibular, mostram-se, geralmente, normais. O tipo de alteração vestibular mais observado foi a hiperreflexia labiríntica. A maioria os indivíduos avaliados apresentou alterações relativas ao metabolismo dos carboidratos.

Topical therapy with high-volume budesonide nasal irrigations in difficult-to-treat chronic rhinosinusitis / Terapia tópica de irrigação nasal de alto volume com solução de budesonida em rinossinusite crônica de difícil tratamento

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is termed difficult-to-treat when patients do not reach acceptable level of control despite adequate surgery, intranasal corticosteroid treatment and up to 2 short courses of systemic antibiotics or corticosteroids in the preceding year. Recently, high-volume corticosteroid nasal irrigations have been recommended for CRS treatment. OBJECTIVE: To assess high-volume budesonide nasal irrigations for difficult-to-treat CRS. METHODS: Prospective uncontrolled intervention trial. Participants were assessed before- and 3 months after nasal irrigation with 1 mg of budesonide in 500 mL of saline solution daily for 2 days. Subjective (satisfactory clinical improvement) and objective (SNOT-22 questionnaire and Lund-Kennedy endoscopic scores) assessments were performed. RESULTS: Sixteen patients were included, and 13 (81.3%) described satisfactory clinical improvement. SNOT-22 mean scores (50.2-29.6; p = 0.006) and Lund-Kennedy mean scores (8.8-5.1; p = 0.01) improved significantly. Individually, 75% of patients improved SNOT-22 scores, and 75% improved Lund-Kennedy scores after high volume budesonide nasal irrigations. CONCLUSION: High-volume corticosteroid nasal irrigations are a good option in difficult-to-treat CRS control of disease, reaching 81.3% success control and significant improvement of SNOT-22 and Lund-Kennedy scores.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: A rinossinusite crônica (RSC) de difícil tratamento é aquela inadequadamente controlada com cirurgia, corticosteroides tópicos em spray e até dois ciclos de medicação sistêmica em um ano. Atualmente, tem sido preconizado o uso de irrigações nasais de corticosteroides em alto volume para seu tratamento. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o uso da terapia tópica de irrigações nasais com budesonida em alto volume nos pacientes com RSC de difícil tratamento. MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo de intervenção não controlado em RSC de difícil tratamento com 3 meses de terapia tópica de irrigação (1 mg de budesonida diluído em 500 mL de soro fisiológico para ser utilizado em dois dias). Realizada avaliação subjetiva (melhora clínica satisfatória) e objetiva (questionário SNOT-22 e classificação endoscópica de Lund-Kennedy). RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 16 pacientes, sendo que 13 (81,3%) consideraram sua melhora clínica satisfatória. Houve melhora significante das médias de SNOT-22 (50,2 a 29,6; p = 0,006) e de Lund-Kennedy (8,8 a 5,1; p = 0,01). Individualmente, 75% dos pacientes apresentaram melhora do SNOT-22 e 75%, do Lund-Kennedy. CONCLUSÃO: A terapia tópica de irrigação de alto volume de corticosteroide é uma boa opção no controle clínico dos pacientes com rinossinusite crônica de difícil tratamento, com controle adequado de 81,3% destes pacientes e melhora significante do SNOT-22 e do Lund-Kennedy.

Topical therapy with high-volume budesonide nasal irrigations in difficult-to-treat chronic rhinosinusitis.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is termed difficult-to-treat when patients do not reach acceptable level of control despite adequate surgery, intranasal corticosteroid treatment and up to 2 short courses of systemic antibiotics or corticosteroids in the preceding year. Recently, high-volume corticosteroid nasal irrigations have been recommended for CRS treatment. OBJECTIVE: To assess high-volume budesonide nasal irrigations for difficult-to-treat CRS. METHODS: Prospective uncontrolled intervention trial. Participants were assessed before- and 3 months after nasal irrigation with 1mg of budesonide in 500 mL of saline solution daily for 2 days. Subjective (satisfactory clinical improvement) and objective (SNOT-22 questionnaire and Lund-Kennedy endoscopic scores) assessments were performed. RESULTS: Sixteen patients were included, and 13 (81.3%) described satisfactory clinical improvement. SNOT-22 mean scores (50.2-29.6; p=0.006) and Lund-Kennedy mean scores (8.8-5.1; p=0.01) improved significantly. Individually, 75% of patients improved SNOT-22 scores, and 75% improved Lund-Kennedy scores after high volume budesonide nasal irrigations. CONCLUSION: High-volume corticosteroid nasal irrigations are a good option in difficult-to-treat CRS control of disease, reaching 81.3% success control and significant improvement of SNOT-22 and Lund-Kennedy scores.

Vestibular migraine: clinical and epidemiological aspects.

INTRODUCTION: Vestibular migraine (VM) is one of the most often common diagnoses in neurotology, but only recently has been recognized as a disease. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with VM. METHODS: This was a retrospective, observational, and descriptive study, with analysis of patients' records from an outpatient VM clinic. RESULTS: 94.1% of patients were females and 5.9% were males. The mean age was 46.1 years; 65.6% of patients had had headache for a longer period than dizziness. A correlation was detected between VM symptoms and the menstrual period. 61.53% of patients had auditory symptoms, with tinnitus the most common, although tonal audiometry was normal in 68.51%. Vectoelectronystagmography was normal in 67.34%, 10.20% had hyporeflexia, and 22.44% had vestibular hyperreflexia. Electrophysiological assessment showed no abnormalities in most patients. Fasting plasma glucose and glycemic curve were normal in most patients, while the insulin curve was abnormal in 75%. 82% of individuals with MV showed abnormalities on the metabolism of carbohydrates. CONCLUSION: VM affects predominantly middle-aged women, with migraine headache representing the first symptom, several years before vertigo. Physical, auditory, and vestibular evaluations are usually normal. The most frequent vestibular abnormality was hyperreflexia. Most individuals showed abnormality related to carbohydrate metabolism.

Vestibular migraine: comparative analysis between diagnostic criteria / Migrânea vestibular: análise comparativa entre critérios diagnósticos

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: There is a strong association between vertigo and migraine. Vestibular migraine (VM) was described in 1999, and diagnostic criteria were proposed in 2001 and revised in 2012. OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic criteria for VM proposed in 2001 with 2012 criteria with respect to their diagnostic power and therapeutic effect of VM prophylaxis. METHODS: Clinical chart review of patients attended to in a VM clinic. RESULTS: The 2012 criteria made the diagnosis more specific, restricting the diagnosis of VM to a smaller number of patients, such that 87.7% of patients met 2001 criteria and 77.8% met 2012 criteria. Prophylaxis for VM was effective both for patients diagnosed by either set of criteria and for those who did not meet any of the criteria. CONCLUSIONS: The 2012 diagnostic criteria for VM limited the diagnosis of the disease to a smaller number of patients, mainly because of the type, intensity, and duration of dizziness. Patients diagnosed with migraine and associated dizziness demonstrated improvement after prophylactic treatment of VM, even when they did not meet diagnostic criteria.

RESUMO Introdução: Há forte associação entre vertigem e enxaqueca. A migrânea vestibular (MV) foi descrita em 1999 e critérios diagnósticos foram propostos em 2001 e revisados em 2012. Objetivo: Comparar os critérios diagnósticos para MV propostos em 2001 com os de 2012, através de seu poder diagnóstico e efeito terapêutico da profilaxia da MV. Método: Revisão de prontuários de pacientes atendidos em uma clínica de MV. Resultados: Os critérios de 2012 tornaram o diagnóstico mais específico, restringindo a MV a um número menor de pacientes, sendo que 87,7% dos pacientes preencheram os critérios de 2001 e 77,8% preencheram os critérios de 2012. O tratamento profilático para MV foi eficaz tanto para pacientes diagnosticados por algum dos critérios quanto para aqueles que não se enquadravam em qualquer critério. Conclusões: Os critérios diagnósticos de 2012 para MV restringiram o diagnóstico da doença para um menor número de pacientes, principalmente por causa do tipo de tontura, a sua intensidade e duração. Pacientes com enxaqueca diagnosticada e tontura associada apresentaram melhora após o tratamento profilático da MV mesmo quando não preenchem critérios diagnósticos. (c) 2015 Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Publicado por Elsevier Editora Ltda. Todos os direitos reservados.

Vestibular migraine: comparative analysis between diagnostic criteria.

INTRODUCTION: There is a strong association between vertigo and migraine. Vestibular migraine (VM) was described in 1999, and diagnostic criteria were proposed in 2001 and revised in 2012. OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic criteria for VM proposed in 2001 with 2012 criteria with respect to their diagnostic power and therapeutic effect of VM prophylaxis. METHODS: Clinical chart review of patients attended to in a VM clinic. RESULTS: The 2012 criteria made the diagnosis more specific, restricting the diagnosis of VM to a smaller number of patients, such that 87.7% of patients met 2001 criteria and 77.8% met 2012 criteria. Prophylaxis for VM was effective both for patients diagnosed by either set of criteria and for those who did not meet any of the criteria. CONCLUSIONS: The 2012 diagnostic criteria for VM limited the diagnosis of the disease to a smaller number of patients, mainly because of the type, intensity, and duration of dizziness. Patients diagnosed with migraine and associated dizziness demonstrated improvement after prophylactic treatment of VM, even when they did not meet diagnostic criteria.